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Soccer Turtor, Formation, Fitness, and Training
How to Understand Soccer Referee Signals
from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can EditYou're glued to the game, and your psychological well-being hinges on your favorite team scoring the winning goal. It's then that you realize that the fate of the game rests in the referee's hands--literally! Since the referee is a critical part of a game of soccer, responsible for keeping order and enforcing the rules, it's crucial for the true soccer fan to be able to decipher what he's seen and what he wants. Here's a crash course on "Refereese."
Steps
- Listen for the whistle. A referee who blows his whistle has seen something, most often a foul, or stoppage in play, which requires him to immediately terminate play and deal with the situation. The whistle tone will often indicate the nature of the foul. A short, quick whistle indicates a lesser foul only punished by a free kick, and longer, harder blasts indicate serious fouls punishable by cards or penalty kicks.
- Watch for the advantage. A referee who, without blowing his whistle, points both arms out, has seen a foul but has decided to play advantage. In advantage, the referee delays the call because he believes that the fouled team still has the advantage in the situation. Typically the referee will give around 3 seconds to determine who comes out on top. If, at the end of the 3 seconds, an advantage was gained by the fouled team, such as possession being kept or a goal being scored, the foul will be ignored by the referee. If the foul warranted a card, however, he will show the card at the next stoppage in play.
- Watch for direct free kicks. To signal a direct free kick, or DFK, a referee will blow his whistle and point with a raised arm in the direction of the goal that the team who has been awarded the free kick is attacking. A DFK is awarded when one of the players commits one of the ten penal fouls against an opponent. A goal may be scored from a DFK.
- Watch for indirect free kicks. If after signaling for a free kick the referee keeps his hand above his head then he is signaling for an indirect free kick, or IFK. An IFK is awarded for any foul not falling under the category of penal foul, or a foul which is not committed against opponents. A goal may not be scored from an IFK until it has touched another player. When signaling for an IFK, the referee will keep his hand up until after the ball has been kicked and touched by another player.
- Watch for the penalty kick. A referee who points directly to the penalty spot, or the spot two-thirds of the way between the penalty area line and goal area line, is indicating that a player has committed a DFK offense within his own penalty area and a penalty kick has been issued.
- Watch for the yellow card. A referee who shows a player a yellow card is indicating that the player has committed one of the seven cautionable offenses. A player who is issued a yellow card is noted by the referee, and if a second yellow card is issued, the player is sent off.
- Watch for the red card. A referee who shows a player the red card is indicating that the player has committed a serious offense, one of the seven "deadly sins" send-off offenses, and must leave the vicinity of the field of play immediately (in professional matches, this most often means he heads to the changeroom).
- Watch for other signals. A referee who points at the goal with his arm pointed straight, parallel to the ground, is signaling for a goal kick. A referee who points at the corner flag with his arm pointed upward is signaling for a corner kick.
- Watch for goal signals. A referee who points at the center circle with his arm pointed straight, parallel to the ground (blowing the whistle is optional) is signaling a goal.
Tips
- There are seven fouls that may be punished by the referee with a direct free kick if the player is careless, reckless, or uses excessive force:
- kicking or attempting to kick an opponent
- tripping or attempting to trip an opponent
- jumping at an opponent
- charging an opponent
- striking or attempting to strike an opponent
- pushing an opponent
- tackling an opponent
- The other three direct free kick fouls are:
- holding an opponent
- spitting at an opponent
- handling the ball deliberately
- The eight offenses for which the referee may award an indirect free kick are:
- The goalkeeper takes more than six seconds while controlling the ball with his hands before releasing it from his possession
- The goalkeeper touches the ball again with his hands after it has been released from his possession and has not touched any other player
- The goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate
- The goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate
- Playing in a dangerous manner
- Impeding the progress of an opponent
- Preventing the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands
- Any other offense is committed for which play is stopped to caution or send-off a player
- The referee will caution and show the yellow card to a player who:
- is guilty of unsporting behaviour
- shows dissent by word or action
- persistently infringes the Laws of the Game
- delays the restart of play
- fails to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick or free kick or throw-in
- enters or re-enters the field of play without the referee%u2019s permission
- deliberately leaves the field of play without the referee%u2019s permission
- The referee will send-off and show the red card to a player who:
- is guilty of serious foul play
- is guilty of violent conduct
- spits at an opponent or any other person
- denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goalscoring opportunity by deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
- denies an obvious goalscoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the player%u2019s goal by an offense punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick
- uses offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures
- receives a second caution in the same match
Warnings
- Do not ever attempt to challenge the referee, no matter what he signals for. In a game of soccer, the referee's calls are always right, no matter how wrong they may be. This is dissent and often results in a yellow card.
- For defenders and goalkeepers, do not raise your hand to appeal for offside, or show the hand signal to appeal for hand-ball. It's worse to concede a goal when a foul, offside or stoppages never happen than having a goal canceled after playing everything possible to stop the goal.
Things You'll Need
- A soccer game
- A referee
- Players
- Soccer Equipment (Cleats, shin guards, soccer socks, uniform, ect.)
- A Soccer ball
Sources and Citations
Article provided by wikiHow, a wiki how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Understand Soccer Referee Signals. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.
Soccer Formation and Position!
How to Coach Youth Soccer
from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can EditYouth soccer at a beginning level, indoor or outdoor, is a very fun sport to coach. Many lessons can be learned from being a coach, and you can experience the joy of being with thee youth any teaching them something new.
Steps
- Form a team or join a team already created. It usually helps if you know at least one player on the team and can make a connection. Also, this allows for the league to see you are not a random person, but have a vested interest in the team.
- Gain the support of the parents. If the parents do not like you, you will get nowhere with the team.
- Gain the support of the team. Try and bond with the kids; in this stage of their life they need more of a friend/mentor to spark their interest in the sport instead of a dictator to drill them and potentially ruin the sport for them.
- Remember soccer is about fun. In any youth sporting activity, fun is the number one priority of the kids participating.
- Plan ahead. If the kids are bored because you do not have a plan at practices it will be a waste of your time and more importantly their parents%u2019 time.
- Bring all the equipment you think the team might need, do not rely on the kids or parents to bring it. And always have extras.
- Give parents and those involved advanced warning of all practices and games. Do not spring a practice on the parents with little to no warning.
- Make drills and practices fun and eventful. Making a drill should be like a game with positive reinforcement for players who play well
- Make sure every player participates. Do not alienate a player with lesser skills by not playing them in the games.
- Have a game plan for the games, including: a set meeting time (Allow for the potential of late players), a set warm-up and a strategy.
- Start the players that show up on time. Do not replace a kid with your star because they finally showed up.
- Do not harp on players when they make mistakes. If a player messes up in a game, do not yell at them, but instead tell them how they could improve without being condescending or mean.
- Make comments on what went well at the end of the game.
- Do not harp on losses. Losses happen and let your team know, the important part is if they played well and had fun, not the score at the end of the game.
- Reward the players at the end of the season with a trophy or pizza party for the hard work put into a successful season.
Tips
- Positive Reinforcement can just be words of encouragement and should not be material things. If you set the standard of giving your players things for good practices you are motivating them for all the wrong reasons.
- Do research on drills that reward proper technique and skills, but are also fun for the players.
- After the game ends, the players are usually tired and not paying attention. Save this time for praise and updates on the next game or practice. Use practice time to correct mistakes.
- Fun is the most important factor in youth sports. Do not try and relive your glory days through your player.
- A trophy does not always have to be a traditional trophy, but could be a framed, autographed team photo or a certificate.
- Be prepared. Just because these are kids player and not professional athletes, still be ready for anything and have plans of activities. This includes being aware of a drill/game%u2019s success or failure. If a drill seems to be an absolute flop be willing to substitute in a more fun one.
- Stay Positive.
Warnings
- Each team is different and each player is different. What works for one player or team may not work for another.
- Make sure your intentions are pure. The goal of youth soccer is for the players to learn the game and have fun, not live vicariously through your players.
Article provided by wikiHow, a wiki how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Coach Youth Soccer. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.
Soccer Tutor!
How to Understand Soccer Assistant Referee Signals
from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can EditOn the pitch, the assistant referee's job is simple: assist the referee. Whether by calling an offside or directing a throw-in, the referee relies on the assistant's input. It is just as important to understand the assistant as it is to understand the referee, so here's a crash course in basic flag-waving.
Steps
- Watch for the flag up! This is the most basic signal the assistant will make. By putting the flag up, they are indicating to the referee that play needs to be stopped for some reason. Typically, when the assistant sees something, they will put up the flag and after the referee blows the whistle will indicate what they saw. If the referee does not see the flag, the assistant will typically begin wiggling/rolling it to attract the referee's eye.
- Watch for ball out-of-play and restarts. One of the two main jobs of the assistant is to indicate when the ball is out of bounds and how the game should proceed. Once the referee has blown the whistle, the assistant will indicate how to proceed:
- If the assistant raises the flag, at a 45 degree angle, and points it horizontally along the touch line, they are indicating for a throw-in. The team attacking in the direction they are pointing takes the throw.
- If the assistant stands near the goal line and points at the goal, they are signalling for a goal kick.
- If the assistant stands near the goal line and points at the corner flag, they are signalling for a corner kick.
- Watch for offsides. This is initially indicated by a flag straight up in the air, to indicate to the referee that play must be halted. When the referee's calls the offside with a whistle, the assistant then holds the flag in one of three positions in front of them to indicate where on the field the offside occurred and thus where the ball should be placed for the freekick.
- If they hold the flag up at a 45 degree angle, they are signalling for an offside on the far side of the field (from them).
- If they hold the flag straight horizontally, they are signalling for an offside in the middle of the field.
- If they hold the flag down at a 45 degree angle, they are signalling for an offside on the near side of the field.
- Watch for substitutions. If the assistant holds his flag above his head with both hands, he is indicating to the referee that a substitution is being performed and that play should not be started until it is finished.
- Watch for the goal signal. When the assistant thinks a goal has been scored, they will lower the flag, optionally may point to center with their hand and sprint back to the center line. If they want to dispute the goal, however, they will put the flag up and stay where they are.
- Watch for the penalty kick signal. This can vary from region to region. Generally, if a foul is called by the referee and it is inside the penalty area the AR will move toward the corner flag. If the AR stays where they are then it indicates the foul was outside the penalty area. The referee can then determine the appropriate restart. Other possible signals for penalty kicks include holding the flag horizontally across the chest or running to the corner flag and hiding their flag behind their back.
- Watch for the miscellaneous signal. When the assistant simply keeps the flag straight up after the whistle is blown, he is indicating he needs to talk to the referee. The assistant may show this signal if, for example, a player begins abusing him or he sees outside interference. In particular, if he wishes to indicate that a player deserves a yellow or red card, he will place his hand over his chest badge.
Tips
- The referee's signal always takes priority over the assistants.
- A good AR will always stay in line with the last defender or the ball, whichever is closer to the goal line, so as to make judging offside easier.
- A quick explanation of the restarts that can be signalled for:
- A goal kick is awarded when the ball travels over the goal line after last being touched by an attacker. A goal kick is taken from anywhere in the goal area by any defending player (including, obviously, the keeper) and is considered to be in play when it leaves the penalty area.
- A corner kick is awarded when the ball travels over the goal line after last being touched by a defender. A corner kick is taken from anywhere in the corner arc by any attacking player and is considered to be in play when it is kicked and moves.
- A throw-in is awarded when the ball travels over the touch (or side) lines to the opposing team of the team that touched it last. A throw-in must be thrown in a fluid motion over the players head and is in play when the ball leaves the player's hands.
- One of the main responsiblities of the assistant is calling offside. To have an offside offense, one must have a player in an offside position who is involved in active play.
- A player is in an offside position when he is:
- in the opposing half
- closer to the goal line than the ball
- closer to the goal line than the last defender (not including the goalkeeper)
- A player is involved in active play when he:
- touches, plays or attempts to play the ball
- interferes with an opponent (such as screening the keeper)
- gains an advantage from being in the offside position
- There are no offsides directly from a goal kick, corner kick or throw in.
- A player is in an offside position when he is:
Warnings
- Never, ever attempt to challenge the referee or the assistant. As far as the soccer game goes, they are always right, and arguing will just get you yellow-carded for dissent.
Things You'll Need
- a soccer game
- a referee
- assistant referee(s)
- flags
- Referee Outfit
- watch
Article provided by wikiHow, a wiki how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Understand Soccer Assistant Referee Signals. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.
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